Impact of stem cell graft on early viral infections and immune reconstitution after allogeneic transplantation in adults

Marina Illiaquer (1) , Berthe-Marie Imbert-Marcille (1, 2, 3) , Thierry Guillaume (4) , Lucie Planche (5) , Marie Rimbert (6) , Céline Bressollette-Bodin (1, 2, 3) , Amandine Le Bourgeois (4) , Pierre Peterlin , Alice Garnier (4) , Claire Le Houerou (4) , Philippe Moreau (4) , Mohamad Mohty (4) , Patrice Chevallier (4, 7)

1 Laboratoire de Virologie [CHU Nantes]
2 U1064 Inserm - CRTI - Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie
3 ITUN - Institut de transplantation urologie-néphrologie
4 Département d'Hématologie Clinique [CHU Nantes]
5 Département Promotion de la Recherche Clinique [CHU Nantes]
6 Laboratoire d'Immunologie [CHU Nantes]
7 CRCNA - Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers

Background: Viral infections are well-known complications after allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT). Objectives: We compared prospectively incidences of DNAemia and active infections (AI) for five opportunistic viruses (Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Adenovirus (ADV)) and kinetics of immune reconstitution (IR) in adults receiving either double umbilical cord blood (dUCB group) or unrelated peripheral blood stem cell (uPBSC group) allo-SCT after a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen. Study design: Whole blood samples were collected at transplant, every 15 days during the first 3 months and at 4, 5 and 6 months post-transplant. Results: Sixty-five patients were enrolled (uPBSC n = 34; dUCB n = 31). Incidences of HHV-6 and BKPyV DNAemia were significantly higher for dUCB (97% vs 23.5% and 58% vs 32%, respectively) while EBV DNAemia was more frequently detected in uPBSC (71% vs 26%). The incidence of CMV DNAemia was similar between both groups. ADV AI developed only in dUCB. HHV-6 AI were also higher in dUCB (84% vs 21%). In multivariate analysis, dUCB graft was the only independent factor associated with HHV-6 DNAemia (OR: 19.0; 95%CI: 5.2–69.1; p < 0.0001) while EBV DNAemia were significantly associated with uPBSC (OR: 29.9; 95%CI: 5.68–158; p < 0.0001). dUCB graft was also the only factor associated with HHV-6 AI. Finally, higher counts and faster recoveries of B lymphocytes (p < 0.0001) and monocytes (p = 0.0007) were observed in the dUCB group. Conclusion: We demonstrate a strong correlation between sources of graft and patterns of viral DNAemia and AI and IR after RIC allo-SCT.

Mots clés: HHV-6; EBV; Cord blood transplant; CMV; PBSC; Reduced intensity

Domaines: Cancer

Marina Illiaquer, Berthe-Marie Imbert-Marcille, Thierry Guillaume, Lucie Planche, Marie Rimbert, et al.. Impact of stem cell graft on early viral infections and immune reconstitution after allogeneic transplantation in adults. Journal of Clinical Virology, 2017, 93, pp.30 - 36. ⟨10.1016/j.jcv.2017.05.019⟩. ⟨inserm-01819344⟩