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. L. Onboard, D. Garczarek, F. Marie, and F. Partensky, Not are acknowledged for collecting and providing samples The research leading to these results was supported by the CNRS-INSU (LEFE-CYBER programme) and the MicroB3 project for C. Jeanthon. The Micro B3 project is funded from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (Joint Call OCEAN.2011?2: Marine microbial diversity?new insights into marine ecosystems functioning and its biotechnological potential) under the grant agreement no 287589. We are grateful to M. Perennou and G. Tanguy (Genomer sequencing platform-FR2424-Station Biologique de Roscoff) for help with sequencing, Boeuf was supported by a doctoral grant from the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research. ACL was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the CNRS during her postdoctoral research stay in Roscoff