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A. Doi, 1002/glia RESUME Malgré le statut immunologique particulier du système nerveux central (SNC), l'immunothérapie active représente une approche intéressante dans le traitement des tumeurs cérébrales. Loin d'être immunologiquement muet, le SNC possède même son propre réseau de cellules immunocompétentes spécialisées : les cellules microgliales. D'origine myeloïdes, elles sont capables de jouer le rôle de cellules présentatrices d'antigènes (CPA) après activation et sont idéalement situées pour induire une réponse immunitaire cytotoxique anti-tumorale efficace La

. En-parallèle, immunothérapie active dans un modèle préclinique de tumeur cérébrale basé sur l'implantation stéréotaxique de cellules E.G7-OVA. Ce protocole se base sur l'injection de CpG-ODN, une molécule d'origine microbienne permettant d'activer les cellules du système immunitaire et plus précisément les CPA infiltrant les tumeurs, et sur l'élimination temporaire des lymphocytes T régulateurs, des cellules qui assimilent les antigènes tumoraux à des peptides du soi et conduisent à l'anergie du système immunitaire. Les résultats obtenus montrent que ce traitement induit le