Piezoelectricity Hysterons Additive manufacturing Thermic process Electromagnetism FDTD Heat transfer enhancement PDE-constrained optimization Morphing Shear layer Aerodynamics Piezoelectric transformer Sub-differential Electromechanical impedance Synchronous Reluctance Finite elements Optimization Piezoelectric energy harvester Torque Adjoint Method Eddy currents Paschen Actionneurs Optimal control Topology Optimization Torque Motor Partial discharges Magnetic field Modèles analytiques Shooting method Magnetic Flux Leakage GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION Magnetic coupling Modèles numériques Permanent Magnet Boundary integral equations Relaxation method Sensitivity Analysis Exact global optimization Branch and Bound Algorithm Modélisation Lorentz force law Interval arithmetic Conception Analytical modeling Magnetic scalar potential Topology optimization 3-D Analytical Equivalent Magnetic Circuit 1D multi-physics model Inverse Problem Play model Shape-memory Alloys PIV Turbulence SIMP method PROBLEM OF SOMMERFELD 3D finite difference method Smart materials Electrical machines Global optimization Branch&Bound Modeling Hysteresis Optimal design Décharges partielles Analytical model Force sensor Deterministic global optimization HYBRIDIZATION Electric Motors Electric motor Post-buckled beams Inverse problem Minor loops 3D FDTD Design Optimisation 3EP Steel sheet Shape memory alloys Actuators Optimization algorithms Control Rosen type transformer Time-resolved PIV Accouplement magnétique Numerical simulation Moteur électrique Electromechanical actuator 3D Analytical Equivalent Magnetic Circuit Piezoelectric actuators Iron losses 3D FDTD HYBRIDIZATION Ironless Axial flux machines Piézoélectricité Numerical model Energy harvesting Nonlinear modeling Maxwell equations